Pumtek hi thil danglam tak a ni a, a chhan chu silicified wood (opalised, fossilized emaw petrified wood tia hriat bawk) atanga siam niin, a then phei chuan agate emaw chalcedony emaw atanga siam an nih vang a ni. Pumteks siamna atana silicified wood hman hi agatised emaw opalised emaw a ni a, Burma rama indigenous a ni. Chuvangin hmun dang atanga thil lakluh a nih a rinawm loh. Hei hian Pumteks hi Asia rama lungphun dang hmuh tur aiin a danglam hle a ni. Pumtek hi an แนญhenawm ram, India, Thailand leh Nepal leh Tibet thlengin an zin tawh a, Tibet mi แนญhenkhat chuan dZi bead chi hrang hrang atan an lo hmang tawh a ni.
Pumtek hmasa ber (a tam zawkah chuan lung zungbun dum leh var chei, a danglamna nasa tak) chu BCE 400 vel a ni mai thei. Kum zabi 20-na tir lama Burma bead siamtute pawhin anmahni siam thar fossil wood beads atan Pumtek tih hming an hmang bawk. Heng beads te hi an heirloom necklace hlu tak tak chunga Pumtek hmuh ang chi te ang chiaha siam an ni. Heng beads bun hi tribal community chhunga hausakna leh dinhmun lantir nan an ngai a. Tin, venhimna amulet angin an thawk bawk a, pi leh pute hlui thiltihtheihnain a khat niin an ngai bawk. Mit zirtir lo tan chuan kum zabi 20-naa beads te hi Pumtek hmasa zawk nen an inthlau fo thin a, a chhan chu an in ang em em a ni. Chin te hian heirloom necklace khatah hian antique leh ancient beads te pawh an mix bawk a, hei hian an inthliarna a ti harsa fo thin.
Burma cottage industry tenau tak chu kum 1990 chhoah khan a lo harh thar leh a, vawi khat chu bead siamtute chuan Pumtek hmasa zawk zawk chu an rawn siam leh a, mahse, heng a hnu lama bead siamte hi an thil siam quality leh an kutchhuak quality-ah chuan an danglam hle tih hriat theih a ni. Tunlai bead siamtute pawhin ngaihven thar an neih theih nan tunlai design hmanga bead an siam tan bawk. Tibet rama dZi beads nena inzawm tam zawk shape leh design an copy tih pawh a chiang hle. Himalayan biala dZi beads dik tak chuan man to tak tak a command avangin, design inang nei Pumtek te chuan mipui zau zawk leh sumdawnna lam hawi zawkin an hip tan ta a ni.
Dinglama B & W thlalak hi kum 1896-a Carey & Tuck-in The Chin Hills Gazetteer-a an thlalak an tihchhuah aแนญanga detail a ni a, Pumtek beads tarlanna leh sawina chhuah hmasa ber a ni ngei ang. Chin hnam zinga hmeichhe pakhatin round six stripe Pumtek necklace a ha a, zig zag decoration nei Pumtek engemaw zat a ha bawk. He thuziak vek hian heng beads chungchang hi hetiang hian sawi a ni: “pumtek thianghlimโฆvawikhatah chuan Burma chhim thlang lam Chin tlangdunga hmuh hnam Haka-ho thil neih hlu ber leh man to ber a niโฆ[leh ]โฆbawng, silai leh sal ang chi thil hlu engzat pawha awlsam taka thlak theih reng a ni.
“Tradition-ah chuan mi pakhatin kel a nei a, a ei tur a pek dan azirin a ek chu pumtek beads a lo ni ta a ni. Chaw tha chuan beads tha tak a siam a, a lehlamah pawh. Mahooya beads (Pumtek hming dang) hi an hlut hle. Tunah chuan.” Pakku District-a Gangaw atanga lo kal an ni a, mahse, an lei na hmun chu Chin-ho chuan an hre lo : tunlai thenkhat chu bead hlui ang bawkin quality tha tak an ni : chi sawm round, flat leh cylindrical an ni a black background with white stripes.Annas 8 atanga Rs.100 thleng an inang lo a, mahse heirlooms hi a man to hle a, lei theih a ni lo.Sangte khuaa Lyen Mo hian a nei tam ber a, mahse specimen tha ber berte chu Sangpi chhungkaw zinga mi an ni.Lyen Dun, Chief of Klang Klang Tribe, pawh hian bead tam tak a nei bawk.
“Chief-te chuan beads (or property) quality tha bik tak tak nei Chief-te chuan ruai an buatsaih thin a, company inkhawm hmaah chuan a ro luahtute chu beads leh gong thenkhat nen inthen khap a, chutah chuan dah ngei ngei tur tih thupek an siam thin the hmunfi [chhungkaw] : a rah chhuah chu chutianga a tih chuan Chin tumahin heng ro hlute hi an paih chhuak dawn lo va, an inthen dawn lo bawk a, vanduai a lo thleng ang a, a thi ang a, chubakah a nupui chu nau pai lo a ni ang.
N.B. A chunga W. R. Head-a report hi kum 1917-a tihchhuah a ni a, he hun lai hian Burma ramah hian โtunlaiโ Pumtek (or Mahooya) beads a awm tih a sawi a. Hei hian Pumtek thar zawk thenkhat chu kum 1920 chho hma lama siam a nih thu chiang takin min hriattir a, mahse, he thil siam hi engtik atanga tan nge tih leh, hmanlai atang tawh khan siam chhunzawm zel (or sporadic) a awm em tih erawh hriat chian a la ni lo. Pumtek bead tam tak hian kum zabi 20-na tir lama siam aiin a upa zawk tih chhinchhiahna a lang tih a chiang a, chutih rualin bead thenkhat chu โhmanlaiโ category (kum 1000 aia upa)-a tel tur khawpa upa lo an ni. Chuvangin kum hriat theih hmain material quality leh bead chu strung leh wern atanga lo piang chhuak patina chu uluk taka enfiah hmasak a ngai a ni.
Kum 1920 chhoah khan Pumteks siam a ni tih kan hria a, mahse, hei chauh hi heng bead siamna hun chhung chauh a ni lo. Pumtek tih hming hi 20th C hma lam khan heirloom necklace-a beads hmuh chhuah sawina atan hman a ni a, chuvangin heng beads te hi a tlem berah kum za tam tak kalta atanga lo piang chhuak an ni ngei ang. Hmanlai Pumtek te hi kum 1000 leh 2500 inkar vel niin an ngai a, “Pyu” beads tia sawi an ni fo bawk. Mahse, Hmanlai Pyu beads (glass leh lung chi dang carnelian leh green chalcedony atanga siam te pawh a tel) chi hrang hrang lian tak tak a awm tih hriat a pawimawh hle. Pyu bead tam tak pawh hi zoomorphic an ni a, rannung, sava, sakeibaknei leh sakeibaknei te an entir bawk. Chuvangin heng beads te hi lung bead chi dang atanga thliar hran nan Pyu emaw Tircul hunlai atanga Pumtek hi โhmanlai Pumtekโ tiin ka sawi thin. Tin, hriat tur pawimawh tak chu โPyuโ tih hming pu bead tam tak (a nih loh leh Pyu/Tircul hunlai atanga lo piang nia rin) te hi a takah chuan hun hmasa zawk atanga lo piang an ni thei. Heirloom strand-a kan hmuh, agate cheimawi, a danglamna sang tak tak แนญhenkhat chu India rama sumdawnna emaw, pilgrimage emaw avanga kan neih a ni thei.
A chunga Carey & Tuck, W. R. Head leh Parry-te thuziak hian Pumtek tih hming hi heirloom necklace-a hmuh chhuah hmรขn lai leh hmanlai beads sawina atan hman a nih tawh thu leh tun hnaia Pumtek beads thar zawk, crafted in the early to late 20th C. A chunga kan lem kan ziah lai hian kum 1920 chhoa Pumteks te hi kum tlemte chauh siam chhuah a ni. Chuvangin a chunga kan sawi tak โheirloomโ necklace-ah hian an inhmu ngei ang tih a rinawm loh hle. Chin ho hian an beads nen hian inzawmna nghet tak an nei ang a, heirloom beads te hi tunlai Pumteks te nen awlsam takin an thliar hrang thei ang. Chuvangin he kawrfual chunga beads hian hmรขn lai aแนญanga entรฎrna a tรขr lang a, Pumtek tia hriat chian a ni tih rinna kan nei thei a ni. Chuvangin Pumtek hi 20th C tir lama fossil wood beads hming chauh a ni lo tih hi sawi uar a pawimawh hle. Chin hnamin Pumtek tia an hriat beads te hi hmรขn lai atanga lo piang a ni tih a chiang hle. Bead tin hi drawing-ah hian number pek a ni a, a chhan chu Chin te hian design tin hming bik an nei a ni. Tibet mite pawhin Himalaya tlanga hmuh dZi bead chi hrang hrang tam tak hming danglam tak an neih ang chiah hian.
“Laltu leh mi ropui chhungkuaah chuan ro hlute hi thlah khat atanga thlah dangah an insem darh thin. Hengte hi a tlangpuiin Pumtek beads, rahongs, gongs emaw silai emaw atanga siam a ni. Chapi Chief Rachi hian Pumtek necklace tha tak tak a nei a (drawing en rawh.” above) chu a pi leh pute zinga mi Khilai atanga a hnena lo kal, engmahin hralh turin a fuih dawn lo tih a sawi. Rochan chu, a nihna takah chuan, a neitu chu harsatna nasa tak a tawk tak tak loh chuan hralh a ni ngai lo.
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