Qin Shi Huangdi – Cin – Chin – 𝐍𝐆𝐀𝐖𝐍 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐍 𝐇𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐘

𝑸𝒊𝒏 𝑺𝒉𝒊 𝑯𝒖𝒂𝒏𝒈 : 𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝑴𝒂𝒏 𝑾𝒉𝒐 𝑮𝒂𝒗𝒆 𝑯𝒊𝒔 𝑵𝒂𝒎𝒆 𝑻𝒐 𝑪𝒉𝒊𝒏𝒂👇

𝐔𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐂𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐞 𝐄𝐦𝐩𝐢𝐫𝐞 𝐇𝐦𝐚𝐬𝐚𝐛𝐞𝐫Lal hmasa ber tel lo chuan tuna kan hriat angin China hi a awm ngai lo mai thei. Engtin nge Qin Shi Huangdi hian China inpumkhatna a duhthusam chu a tihhlawhtlin theih?Olivia Barrett, BA & MA chanchin ziaktuA hnuaia lalram zawng zawng hi an te vek a, luitein a then a, rang takin an inthen darh vek a ni.BCE 221-ah chuan “Qin Shi Huang” chu “Qin” Dynasty rorelna hnuaia China ram tam zawk inzawmkhawm hmasa ber a ni ta a ni.Dan a siam a, sorkar kalphung a nei bawk.
Qin Empire hi,
Qin”CH-IN-Chin tia lam tur a ni.
He lalram inzawmkhawm hian tunla,
Qin”CHIN” hi a hring chhuak ta a ni.
Qin hian ram zau lo tak atanga tan in ram tak thiltihtheihna a thleng a, kum za ropui zet chu lal ropui dang zawng zawng chu chawima pe turin a siam ta a ni.Jia Yi (201-169 BCE) Han lalram chhunga hla phuah thiamleh ram hruaitu,
BCE 259-a Lalber hmasa ber tur zheng a pian meuh chuan Qin state (CHIN tia lam tur) chuchu kum zabi ruk dawn lai a liam tawh a ni.
Rome-in mediterranean tuipuiah thuneihna chang turin carthage a beih lai vek hian a thenawm ramte nen indona a nei a ni.
Qin pawh hian rome ang bawkin a tawpah a hneh ang.
Qin Shihuang, a nih loh leh Qin lalber hmasa ber kaihhruaina hnuaiah china rama indo ram pasarih te chu vawi khat nan hnam pakhat angin an inpumkhat ta a ni.𝑰𝒏 BCE 259-ah China ram a awm lo. “Chinese” tia inchhal tur mipui pawl inpumkhat an awm lo va, empire pawh a awm lo va, chiang takin, Chinese lalber pawh a awm lo.Dik tak chuan, China lalber hmasa ber ni ta Ying Zheng-a pian kum, BCE 259-ah chuan Yellow lui chhehvelah hian indo ram pawl khat chauh an awm a. Engtin nge he mi pawimawh lo anga lang hi mihring chanchina lal pawimawh berte zinga mi a nih? Tin, engtin nge China inpumkhatna a duhthusam chu hlen chhuah tumin indo ramte chu a inpumkhat tir?

𝑪𝒉𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝑯𝒎𝒂 – 𝑹𝒂𝒎 𝒊𝒏𝒅𝒐 𝒏𝒂 𝑯𝒖𝒏 𝒍𝒂𝒊
Tuna kan hriat angin Warring States hunlai kha kum zabi hnih chuang zet sipai inelna nasa tak leh thisen chhuak nasa tak hun lai a ni. Hun buai tak chu a tawp ta a, a tawpah chuan Qin ram hnehtu chuan a khingpui ram parukte chu hnehin centralized power pakhat hnuaiah a inzawm khawm thei ta a, Qin (or “Chin) lalram dinna tur a ni a, chuta tang chuan tunlai China chuan a Western chu a la ta a ni hming. Mahse Ying Zheng-a chu China lal hmasa ber a nih hma chuan he ram indona hmunpui chhim lam chhehvela hmun hrual leh mikhual lo nia lang aṭanga lo kal lal fapa mai a ni.Chinese lal hmasa ber awmna ram Qin chu a tlangpuiin lalram dangte aiin nunphung lamah a hniam zawkah ngaih a ni a, hmun hrang hrangah a inhlat deuh a, a chhim lam ramri thlenga awm, nomadic hnamte nen pawh a inang zawk niin a lang a, Qin-a nen hian an indo fo thin.Vawi khat chu a ṭhenawm state Wei-a lal fapa pakhat chuan Qin-a chu “hmun rapthlak leh rapthlak tak” “nungchang ṭha chungchâng engmah hre lo” tiin a nuihzat a. Chuti a nih chuan engtin nge Ying Zheng, he khawvel “civilized” tawp lama ram hring leh changkang lo nia sawi atanga lal fapa lo piang chu China lalber hmasa ber a nih theih?Chu chu chhanna tur chuan Qin-a defining philosophy lairil ber chu kum 100 dang kan kir leh hmasa tur a ni.Qin state chu a khingpuite aiin eng thilin nge a danglam bik tih hrethiam tur chuan eng thilin nge state tick tirtu te, state culture bulpui ber ideology te, a tawpah chuan a hlawhtlinna te hi kan hrethiam hmasa tur a ni.China lal hmasa berin indo ramte a inpumkhatna kawnga hlawhtlinna a chan chhan ber chu a state-a Legalism bulpui ber a nih vang niin a lang. Qin-a politics leh khawtlang nun kalphung leh sipai lama thiamna nunphung nen chuan a roreltu zinga pakhat chuan a ṭhenawm lalramte chu a hneh thei ta a ni.BCE 246-a Ying Zheng-a’n Qin lalṭhutthlenga a ṭhut lai chuan, state chu hun rei tak aṭanga zahngaihna nei lo thuneihna hmanga thuneihna kalpui danah a inher chhuak tawh a, sipai hlawhtlinna chu engkim a ngaih pawimawh ber a ni.Heng hlutnate hi Qin-a chungah hian Shang Yang-a siamthatna hmangin an lo nghat tawh a, a ngaihdan chu thisen chhuak (cold-blooded pragmatism) lam a ni ber a ni.Shang-a chuan Confucian-ho thu bul, dikna, thil tha tihna, leh thil dik tihna, state dangte duhsak chu a hnawl a ni.Chu ai chuan, a hriat chian principle pakhat leh ṭhatna pakhat chauh hmangin a thlak ta zawk a ni: state thuneihna centralization, engti kawng pawhin a tul angin.Shang Yang-a thununna hnuaiah chuan Qin chu a inkhauh ta a ni. Chinese Sparta ang bawkin a chetna apiang chu state hausa zawk, loneih hlawk zawk leh sipai chak zawk neih theihna tura chhut a ni. Tin, (state dangte’n an sawi fo angin) Qin hi a khingpuite aiin culture lamah a hmasawn lo deuh niin a lang a, mahse he chak lohna langsar tak hian hlawkna pawimawh tak a ni tih a chiang ang.Arts, etiquette leh decorum lam ngaihtuah lovin Qin hian sipai chakna nei tura a rilru a pe thei a ni. Aristocratic structure thar dintu system a siam a: thuneihna leh thuneihna rochun kalphung hlui ai chuan official-te sipai hlawhtlinna lawmman pe thin meritocracy.Khawtlang dinhmun leh dinhmun chauh hian sipai hnathawh dan a tarlang a ni. Mipui zahawm tak tan sipai rawngbawlna chu tih ngei ngei tur a ni. Mipa zawng zawng chu sipaiah an thawk vek tur a ni a, hmeichhiate pawh an khawpui emaw, an khawpui emaw beih a nih chuan indonaah an tel ve tura beisei an ni. Qin-a sipai kalphung sang zawk leh a mipui punkhawmna chu state dangte lakluhna kawngah hlawhtlinna a neih theih nan a hnuai ber a ni tih rinhlelh rual a ni lo.Hetihlai hian lawmman leh hremna pek dan (legalist system) khauh tak chuan Qin mite chunga state thuneihna chu a tikhauh ta a ni. Shang chuan rorêl theihna awmchhun chu ram mipuite chu intulût tûra tihhlum mai a ni tih ngaih dân chu a pawm a: thlêm, hlauhawm, lawmman pêk leh hrem. Tin, hremna chu a na hle bawk. Entîr nân, Han Fei (Shang Yang-a zuitu)-in he thu a sawi hi han ngaihtuah teh: “misual thiltih report lo apiang chu a kawrfual chu pahnih-ah an ṭhen ang,” tiin. Chutiang chu Qin dan khauhna chu a ni–khawngaihna a awm lo vang, snitch thei lo mai mai entu sual nei lo tan pawh.Shang-a chawimawi tur chu, he dan bawhchhiatna kalphung rapthlak tak hian hna a thawk niin a lang a; kum zabi thumna BCE-ah chuan Qin khuaa mite chu mak tak maiin dân zawmtu niin a lang (hremnate ngaihtuah chuan mak lo deuhin), loneih aṭanga thil siam chhuah a pung a, direct taxation chuan state-ah sum tam tak a lalut ta a ni. He khawtlang, sum leh pai leh loneih lama inpumkhatna lungphum nghet tak hian Qin-a chu a sipai sang zawk chu a chin theih phah a ni. Wei khuaa Marquis Wu-a’n a pawm angin, “Qin-a mizia hi a chak hle. A sawrkar chu a na hle. A lawmman leh hremna te hi thutlukna siamtu a ni. A mite chu an inpe lo.” State dangte chuan a chanve an hre lo; a tlem berah chuan, a la ni lo.

𝑪𝒉𝒊𝒏 𝑺𝒉𝒊 𝑯𝒖𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒅𝒊 𝑵𝒊𝒉- 𝑪𝒉𝒊𝒏𝒂 𝑰𝒏𝒑𝒖𝒎𝒌𝒉𝒂𝒕𝒏𝒂
BCE 230-ah Ying Zheng-a chu lalṭhutthlengah a ṭhu a, kum sawm hnuah chuan Qin-a sipai chakna zawng zawng chu independent state la awmte chungah a thlawk chhuak ta a ni. Pakhat hnu pakhatin indo ramte chu Qin thununna hnuaiah an tla ta a ni. A chancellor Li Si leh general Meng Tian-te puihnain China lal hmasa ber chuan an khingpui lalramte chu beihpui thlakna rapthlak tak tak a nei nual a. “Silkworm-in mulberry hnah a ei” angin, Qin-a chuan Han, Zhao, Wei, Yan, Chu, leh Qi state-te chu a ei zo vek a, lalram leh an mite chu lalram inpumkhat hnuaiah a hruai lut a, Qin Dynasty bul tanna chu a din ta a ni. BCE 221-ah chuan Ying Zheng chuan China hmar lam tuipui kam atanga chhim lama Lintao thlengin a la vek tawh a, hmar lama Yalu lui atanga khawthlang lama Lang tlang thlengin a la vek tawh a, ram pakhat chu tuna Vietnam ram hi khawih turin a tla thla hial a ni.China chu a taksa piang hmasa berah a piang a, chu mi rual chuan China lal hmasa ber a ni bawk. Chutiang chuan Ying Zheng chuan a hming leh a hming hlui chu a paih chhuak a, a lalna thar, hmingthang tak chu hmân lai Chinese lalte thawnthu nen a inzawm khawm ta a ni.Title thar a fashion a: Qin Shi Huangdi. China’s fabled past-a hman lai thawnthua rorêltu hming pahnih, huang, leh di tia hriat lar sovereign sage hming chu a thlunzawm a, “Huangdi” hi a chungnunna leh a hlawhtlinna tluk loh lantir nan a ni.Qin” tih thuhmahruai hian a pianna dinhmun a kawk tih chu a chiang a, chu chu chutiang khawpa ropuina, a hmaa a la awm ngai lohah chuan a chawisang a ni. Tin, “Shi,” tih awmzia chu “a hmasa ber” tihna a ni a, a lalram leh a mumang (a thlawna) lalram din chu chatuan atan a puang chhuak bawk.

𝑯𝒏𝒂𝒎 𝑷𝒂𝒌𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝑺𝒊𝒂𝒎 𝑫𝒂𝒏
China lalber tia inchhal hian kum za chuang zet sipai lama inelna nasa tak chu a titawp tawh a ni.Mahse thawnthu hi chutah chuan a tawp thei lostate hrang hrang leh beidawng tak pawl pakhat inpumkhat leh rorel chu thil awlsam a ni lo.Emperor thar challenge leh Chinese hnam din chu a la intan chauh a ni.Chutiang chuan Qin Shi Huangdi chuan hmêlma hlui pawl in\hen darh tawh chu hnam inpumkhat takah chantir a tum ta a ni.Hei hian dan leh dinhmun inthlak danglamna tam tak a mamawh a, thil thar leh standardization te pawh sawi loh, pawisa pakhat hman te, standardized measurement te, leh ziak tawng hman tlanglawn te pawh a tel a ni.A ram zau tak, a neih tharte chu a thunun tha zawk theih nan leh inbiakpawhna leh lirthei inzawmna sang tak a neih theih nan Qin Shi Huangdi chuan empire pum huapa kawngpui siamna project lian tak chu a kalpui ta a ni. A ṭhen hmasa ber, speedway (chidao) chu BCE 220-a sak a ni a, khawpui Xianyang aṭanga hmar lam hawiin a inher chhuak a ni.A ṭhen hnihna, Straight Road (zhidao) chuan chhim lam a ngaihtuah a, a bul berah chuan empire thar chhim lam ramri chu empire chhehvel beih fo ṭhin, nomadic Xiongnu hnamte lakah a humhim a ni.Empire humhalhna, inkalpawhna leh inbiakpawhna tihchangtlun bakah, kawngpui inzawmna chuan hmar leh chhim lama lal hmêlma laka sipaite rang taka inzawmkhawm theihna a siamsak bawk.BCE 215 khan Qin Shi Huangdi chuan sipai 300,000 chu hmar lam pan turin a ti a, Steppes-ah chuan Xiongnu nomads te chu bei turin a ti a, Yellow River chhim lama an ran vulhna hmun atang chuan an chhuah tir ang.Hetihlai hian Qin Shi Huangdi chuan hun remchang hmangin a empire hmar lam ramri chu a tichak a, mihring chanchina invenna kawng lar ber pawh ni thei: Great Wall of China a siam ta a ni.Taksa leh rilru lam ramri siam leh vawn reng a ngai a ni. Lal hmasa ber official-te chu empire inpumkhatna leh inremna vawnhim tumna dan khauh tak tak kalpui leh thehdarh tura tih an ni.Heng dante hian sorkar thil neih himna atanga tawlailir leh tawlailir atana lubricant hman dik thlengin a huam vek a ni.Heng dan atanga inthlak danglamna tlemte pawh hremna na tak a tawk thei a, hei hi Qin Shi Huangdi-a thiltih rapthlak ber leh sawisel hlawh ber pakhat atang hian a lang thei a ni.Lal hmasa ber chuan ngaihtuahna thunun tumin a Orwellian attempt a siam a, chu chu Legalist rilru put hmang nen a inmil hle.Qin Shi Huangdi’s chancellor, Li Si chuan emperor chu literature chungchanga lehkhabu eng pawh leh engkim hal vek turin a fuih a (a tlem berah chuan- agriculture leh medicine chungchanga hnathawh thenkhat chuan a cut a ni). He mipui halralna hi mipui hriatna “tam lutuk” tihbo leh Legalist state dodal thei tur philosophy eng pawh tihtawp tumna a ni.Mithiam tam tak chuan hriatthiam theih takin status quo thar chu ngilnei lutukin an la lo va, sorkar laipui sawiselna an siam a, empire-a intellectual tyranny tihtawp an phut bawk. Rei vak lovah sorkar sawiselna eng pawh chu dan kalh a ni a, (mak tih tur a awm lo ang) hremna nasa tak pek a ni.Mithiam 460 aia tlem lo chuan he mihring nihna nei lo dan thar hi an bawhchhia a, an dodalna an sawi ngam avangin nung chungin an phum a ni.

𝑸𝒊𝒏 𝑺𝒉𝒊 𝑯𝒖𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒅𝒊-𝑨 𝑻𝒉𝒊𝒍 𝑯𝒍𝒖𝒊 (𝑳𝒆𝒈𝒂𝒄𝒚) 𝑨 𝑵𝒊
Controversial (leh downright cruel) ni mahse,
Qin Shi Huangdi hi China formation-ah a pawimawh hle. China lal hmasa ber thir kut hmanga kaihhruaina tel lo chuan tuna kan hriat angin China hi a awm ngai lo mai thei.Qin Shi Huangdi-a’n zahngaihna nei lo pragmatism, Machiavellian tumruhna leh a tawpah China tana a hmathlir chhunzawm zelna chuan khawvela hnam chak ber zinga mi dinna lungphum a phum a ni.Lal hmasa ber chuan he thuneihna ro hlu hi a hnua China sorkar zawng zawng hnenah a hnutchhiah vek a;imperial emaw, republican emaw, Maoist emaw, post-Maoist emaw pawh ni se.A thiltih avang hian China hnam chu inpumkhat tirtu leh a tir atanga hnam anga siamtu principle a siam ta a ni.Qin Shi Huangdi chuan ram pumah central authority principle a din a, chu thuneihna chu China mipui ram zawng zawng enkawl thei, inpumkhatna tak tak leh hmuh theih tak siam thei tur control source pakhat, pakhat chauh atanga lo chhuak a ni.Qin-a lalram ngei pawh hi a thih atanga kum li chauh chhungin a tawp dawn a, mahse a ro hlu chu kum 2000 chuang zet a nung reng dawn a, tun thlengin a hming la pu hnam angin a la awm reng a ni.

𝒯𝒽ℯ ℒℯ𝑔𝒶𝒸𝓎 𝒪𝒻 𝒞𝒽𝒾𝓃 𝒮𝒽𝒾 ℋ𝓊𝒶𝓃𝑔𝒹𝒾