Chin tawng โnun dan-phunglam – hi phung tih thumal bul atanga lo chhuak a ni a, a awmzia takah chuan โcultureโ tihna a ni.
Phung tih thumal awmzia hi sakhaw lam thuk tak a ni a, sakhua ngei nen pawh a inang deuh ber a, Chin mite hian Lai phung in kan rak um! ‘Chin hnam sakhua kan zawm a!’ emaw Chin hnam nunphung angin kan khawsa a ni! emaw Krifa phung in kan um! ‘Kristian kan ni!
Hemi kawngah hian Chin-hoin โsakhawโ an sawi dan hi Clifford Geertz-aโn โsakhaw chu culture system anga ngaih a sawifiahna nen hian a inhnaih hle a ni (cf. Geertz 1973: 87- 125).
Mi pawl emaw, pawl emaw chuan chhinchhiahna kalphung inang chu a ruala an hman hian rinna inang mai ni lovin โnun danโ pawh an nei ve ve a ni.
Hei hi Chin-hoin phunglam an tih, โnunphungโ, โmipa rilru put hmang leh chรชttรฎrna chak tak, zau tak, leh rei tak daih theiโ an tih chu a ni a, chu chu nunphung leh nunphung ni bawk leh khawtlรขng hlutna lungphum petu a lo ni ta a ni.
Hei hi mi zawng zawng huapzo โfunctionalโ tih awmzia a ni a, chutih rual chuan chiang taka ruahman a ni bawk. He inclusiveness hian tribal society kan buaipui hian a thatna a nei a, chutah chuan sakhaw, khawtlang, nunphung leh politics thilte chu inzawm tlat a ni.
Heng terminological inang lo tak tak leh expression metaphor inang chiah chiah awm mahse, Chin concept of religion chhungril lam awmzia chu โcultural systemโ chauh a ni lo va, โa system of symbolsโ pawh a ni lo.
Geertz-aโn โsakhaw chu culture system angaโ a tih hian โmihring chungnung zawkโ, โthianghlimโ emaw, โtranscendental elementโ emaw pawh a kawk lo.
Chin concept of religion-ah erawh chuan he transcendent element – Supreme Being leh thlarau lam thil dang, thlarau leh thih hnua nunna rinna telin – sakhaw leh politics, leh nunah social leh economic element hrang hrangte a thliar hrang a ni.
inzawmna nghet tak nei mah se.
Chu bรขkah, Chin-ho tรขn sakhaw chu rinna mai a ni lo va, pรขwn lam thiltihtheihna engemaw tak awm tรปra chhรปngril lama inpekna mai a ni lo.
He thiltihtheihna hi mihring duhdan nena inzawm a ni tih ngaihdan pawh a huam tel bawk.
He thiltihtheihna nena inbiakpawhna kawngah hian ringtuin hma a la thei tih hi pawm a ni.
Chin Identity zawngin khawvel hmun dang tam takah chuan a tlangpuiin โthumal leh tawngkam ni lo, chi hnih a neiโ (Firth 1996: 158).
Chin sakhaw kalphung hluiah chuan tawngkam hmanga inpawlna chu a kaihhnawih tawngkam ni lo thiltih, thilhlan leh inthawina ang chi awm lovin a awm lo.
Phรชn dangin sawi ila, ritual tel lova แนญawngแนญaina a awm lo.
Hetiang แนญawngแนญaina leh sakhaw thiltih inzawmkhawmna inzawmkhawm hi khawtlang emaw, kohhran emaw inzawmkhawmna hmanrua a ni.
Chin hnam dan anga inpawlna chu Pathian leh mihringte inpawlna mai a ni lo va, mihringte inkara inpawlna a ni bawk: tawngtaina pe thin hotupa leh mipui pawl, inthawina inkhawma chaw ei tur zuitu leh a hnena insem thinte inkara inpawlna a ni.
He bung hian Chin hnam sakhaw leh a theology conceptual structures te, Tual community-a religious concept, political structure leh economic system inzawmna te ka chhui dawn a ni.
Khawthlang lama rinna kalphung leh ritual kalphung hrang hrang, leh kawng dangah chuan politics kalphung leh khawtlang nunphung hrang hrang thliar hrangtu, hmanraw pangngai zawm ai chuan heng thil zawng zawng hi phunglam chi khatah ka dah vek ang.
An then hran ai chuan rinna kalphung, khawtlang nunphung leh politics kalphung te hi he bung hian kan sawi ho dawn a ni.
Chutiang bawkin Chin hnam sakhuaah inthawina inkhawm leh biak inkhawm te, leh thih hnua nunna hun engemaw chen Mithi-khua tia hriat lar atana inbuatsaihna anga leia nunna ngaihdan te pawh bung lehlamah kan sawiho dawn a ni.
๐ช๐ฏ๐ฐ๐ต ๐ป๐ฏ๐ฌ๐ถ๐ณ๐ถ๐ฎ๐ - ๐ป๐ฏ๐ฐ๐ณ ๐จ๐พ๐ด ๐ซ๐จ๐ตChin sakhaw hlui thu bulpui hriatthiam theih nan leh
theology, Khua tih concept a angin ka an a.
Chin ngaihtuahnaah chuan Khua hi philosophical concept emaw category emaw a ni a, chutah chuan:
Thlarau mi zawng zawng: Khua-zing, Pathian Chungnung ber ang chi; Khua-hrum, vengtu pathiante; Khua-chia, thlarau sual; leh Khua-vang, shaman emaw diviner emaw a ni.
Hun leh hmun: kum-khua, hunbi tawp nei lo, hun tawp nei lo emaw, chatuan emaw ang chi; minung-khua, leia mihring chengte; Mithi-Khua, vanram boral tawhte awmna; vancung-khua, van emaw, hmun emaw; khua-ram, leilung chunga leilung leh hmun
(geographical land and space) a ni.
Cosmic forces of rain, thli, lumna leh mei: khua-hnaw, ruahtui chhuahna leh tui bul tanna emaw, ruah pathian emaw ang chi; khua-ri, thli leh thawm chhuahna; khua-tek, รชng leh mei chhuahna; khua- lum, lumna leh lumna thlentu; khua-sik, khaw vawt chhuahna; ni-khua, Ni, Thla, Universe leh Nature โ khaw lum pawh tiamin.
Chuvangin Khua chu thil awm zawng zawng, hun leh hmun chhung leh a piah lama thil awm zawng zawng a ni.
Khua chu basic term of reference atan pek a nih chuan tracditional Chin religion-a conceptual structures leh belief systems te chu concepts of.
แแฝแฌแแญแฏ แกแแญแฏแธแกแแฌแธแกแแผแ แบ แกแแผแฑแแถแกแแฑแซแบแกแแฑแซแบแกแแผแ แบ แแแบแแพแแบแแฌแธแแฑแฌ แแญแฏแธแแฌแแปแแบแธแแฌแแฌแแแฌแธแ แกแแฐแกแแแแบแแฑแฌแแบแแฏแถแแปแฌแธแแพแแทแบ แแฏแถแแผแแบแแปแแบแ แแ แบแแปแฌแธแแญแฏ แแแฑแฌแแแฌแธแแปแฌแธแกแแผแ แบ แกแแปแญแฏแธแกแ แฌแธแแฝแฒแแผแฌแธแแญแฏแแบแแแบแ
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๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐ : ๐๐๐๐-๐๐๐๐
๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐-๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐
๐๐๐๐๐๐: ๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐
๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐: ๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐
Pathian Chungnungber (Concept) Khua-zing
Chin Sakhaw hluiah thil pawimawh tak, thil pawimawh tak pakhat chu Pathian Chungnung ber ngaihdan, Khua-zing tia hriat hi a ni.
2 Khua-zing tih hming hi โthumal hrang hrang pahnih: Khua leh zing inzawmkhawmโ a ni (Laisum 1994: 126)
Khua leh zing concept hi a hranin ka ngaihtuah hmasa a, chutah chuan Khua-zing concept pum pui ka sawifiah leh a.
Khua awmzia chu โhun leh hmun chhung leh a piah lama thilsiam zawng zawng leh thil awm zawng zawngโ tih a ni a, zing awmzia tak tak chu โthil hmuh theih loh chaknaโ a ni.
3 Thu dangin sawi ila, zing hi thiltihtheihna pawimawh tak emaw, nunna bulpui emaw a ni a, chu chuan thil pawimawh tak pawh a huam tel a ni mihring nunna chakna leh thil zawng zawng chakna pawh: thlarau chakna, ni leh thla, eng leh thim, ruah leh lui, hun leh hmun chakna thlengin.
Chin ho chuan zing lo chhuahna ngei pawh Khua- zing atanga lo chhuak niin an ngai a.
Chuvangin Khua-zing hi Pathian Chungnungber, khawvel pum pui siamtu, thlarau lam thil leh mihringte pawh tiamin, he Universe chhunga thil nung zawng zawngte tana nunna chakna pawimawh tak petu a ni. N. E. Parry-a chuan Khua-zing tih hi โMi zawng zawng Paโ, โengkim awmziaโ leh โnunna bulpuiโ tiin a sawifiah a (cf. Parry 1932: 349).
Khua-zing hi nunna petu leh bulpui a nih avangin Chin rinna chuan Universe chhunga thil zawng zawng thununtu a ni bawk tih a vawng tlat a: leia thim leh รชng, tlang leh lui chunga ni eng leh ruah sur, ni tlak leh thla, mihring leh thlarau thlengin chanvo.
Chin ho chuan Khua-zing an hriatna chu thawnthu, thawnthu, tawngtai, sakhaw inkhawm, hla leh thufing hmangin an sawi chhuak a.
Khua-zing chatuan nihna chu a awlsam zawngin an sawi chhuak a; Khua-zing hi Minung-khua leh Mithi-khua piah lamah a nung a, a piang lo va, a thi lo va, tu nge piang leh thi tih a hria.
Minung- khua leh Mithi-khua piah lama awm a nih avangin mipa tumahin an thleng thei lo a, mahse mihringte hi a hnaih em em a, a chhan chu Khua-zing a nih avangin a nihna peng pakhat an nih avangin.
Zing hi mihring tinah nunna chakna poimawh tak angin aom a.
Chuvangin mihring chancin engkim a hrevek a ni rites tih a ni, thilsiamte an chanvo pawh,
Engkim a hmu thei a, thimah pawh a hmu thei a, a chhan Chu zing le zan, chhun leh zan, eng leh thim thununtu zing a nih vang a ni.
Ani chu absolute a nih chhan chu absolute zing chauh hi Khua-zing a nih vang a ni a, mihringte hian zing te tak te chauh kan nei a, chu chu Khua-zing absolute zing atanga lo chhuak a ni.
Khua-zing chu kumkhuain a nung a, a chhan chu zing hi a thi ngai lo va, mihring nun leh Khua-zing zing pawh hi nunna ngei a ni (cf. Sing Kho Khai 1984: 130-140; Parry 1932:
Khua-zing nihna hi thil tak tak awmna bulpui ber anga sawi theih a ni a, chutah chuan mihringte leh mihring institution te pawh a tel a, mahse, a duhthusamin enkawlna leh chhandamna thiltih hmangin thilsiam kalphungah a inrawlh tam lo hle. Khua-zing hi a hnuaia kan hmuh ang hian nungchang hlutna lungphum a ni thei a, mahse โPathian chu Hmangaihna a niโ tih ang chi general expression a awm lo.
Pathian nihna bakah hian Chin-ho hian Pathian thianghlimna leh nungchang lama mizia chungchangah ngaihdan chiang tak tak an nei a. Chin ho chuan Pathian thianghlimna chu Pathian angin an sawi chhuak a, Kristian an nih hnuah pawh Pathian chu Kan Khua-zing le kan Pathian, Kan Pathian Chungnungber leh Thianghlim tiin an ko thin. Literally chuan Pathian hi a thianghlim a ni. Chin hnam sakhaw tawngtaina leh ngaihdanah chuan Pathian tih hi pathian hming ni lovin Khua-zing thianghlimna attribute a ni a, chu chu zing-dangh tawngtainaah chiang takin kan hmu thei a, chu chu ‘ tih thupui hnuaiah ka sawi a ni.
Inthawina inkhawm leh biakna’ tih bung leh lamah chungah
Khua-zing thianghlimna chu Khua-zing lam hawi ritual an tih hian dan khauh tak takte pawhin a tilang bawk.
Entirnan, inthawina rannungte chu rawng thup pakhata awm tur a ni a, inthawina titu puithiam emaw, upate emaw chuan inpawlna leh emaw, ei leh in emaw, thiltih emaw thenkhat chu ritual hma leh tih zawhah an insum a ngai a ni.
Heng ritual formalities te hian mipuiten Khua-zing hi thil thianghlimah an ngai tih chiang takin a tilang a ni.
Chin-ho chuan Khua-zing-a nungchang lama mizia leh แนญhatna chu โding-thlu le lai-relโ tiin an sawi chhuak a.
Literally, โding-thluโ chu felna kawng hawnsaktu a ni a, โlai-relโ chu dik leh dik taka roreltu a ni bawk.4 Khua-zing thatna chu chhiatna a pumpelhnaah, ruah a surtir a, fa neih theihna a pe a ni mi leh an bawngte hnenah (cf. Carey leh Tuck 1976: 195-196; Parry 1932: 349-350).
Chin hnam dan anga sakhaw inkhawmah tawngtai hian Khua-zing thatna chu chiang takin a tarlang a
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A chunga kan sawi tawh ang khan Chin ho chuan mihring tin hian nunna chakna pawimawh tak, zing an tih, nunna ngei pawh vengtu thlarau anga humhimtu kan nei tih an ring a.
Mimal vengtu thlarau emaw pathian emaw bakah hian chhungkaw pathian an ring bawk a, chu chuan chhungkua leh hnam a humhim a ni.
In chhunga pathian chu chung-um an ti a, chu chu in chhunga awm vengtu pathian a ni.
Chung-um chu kum tin inn-chiat inthawinaah an biak tlangpui a.
Functionally chuan Chin sakhaw hluiah chuan vengtu pathian pawimawh tak chu mimal โguardian angelโ emaw, in chhunga pathian emaw a ni lo va, khaw emaw khawtlang emaw vengtu pathian, Khua-hrum tia koh a ni.
Chin khawtlang nunah Khua-hrum biakna chu a pawimawh em em a – sakhaw hnathawhna kawngah leh khawtlang inpumkhatna tihhmasawn nan – Chin sakhaw hlui chu Khua-hrum biaknak, a nih loh leh Khua-hrum sakhaw tia hriat hial a ni.
Mihringte vengtu pathian zing leh khua leh khawtlang vengtu pathian Khua- hrum inthlauhna chu zing chakna pawimawh tak chu Khua-zing atanga lo chhuak nghal a nih laiin Khua-hrum thiltihtheihna chu a awm niin an ring a ni cosmic forces chauh atanga siam a ni.
Phรชn dangin sawi ila, Khua-hrum hi leia thil thleng, tlangram chak tak tak, lui lian tak tak, ruam thuk tak tak, etc,te vengtu pathian a ni a, chu mi atan chuan thlarau thiltihtheihna chu ni, thla leh ruah ang chi cosmic force atanga lo chhuak a ni .
Khua-hrum hi cosmic forces thlarau anga ngaihna hian mihring tinte hian zing an tih, vengtu thlarau an neih angin hmun emaw hmun tin emaw hian pathian emaw thlarau emaw an nei a, chu chu vengtu a ni tih a tilang lehzual a ni.
Thlarau ha emaw pathian emaw veng nia rin hmun emaw hmun emaw chu hmun \ha emaw, hmun thianghlim emaw anga ngaih a ni.
A nihna takah chuan chutiang hmun chu mihring chenna atan pawh duhthlanna tha ber a ni a, a chhan chu hnam danah chuan Chin-ho chuan Khua-hrum thuneihna chhunga an awmna an siam chuan Khua-hrum vengtu Khua-hrum hnen atangin humhimna leh malsawmna an dawng ang tih an ring a ni hmun. Chutiang hmun tha takah an awm duh chuan an tih hmasak ber chu chu hmun vengtu thlarau hnenah thilpek hlan a ni.
Vengtu thlarau hnenah tawngtaina an hlan a: โMin venghim la, min pui la, malsawm rawhโ (cf. Pu Sakhong 1971: 27).
Khua-hrum hnena thilhlan leh tawngtaina an siam hmasakna hmunah chuan inthawina lung an phun a, chu chu bungkung (banyan thing) phun a ni tlangpui. A chhan chu Strait-aโn a hmuh angin:
Banyan thing hi thlarau awmna atana duhthlanna tlanglawn tak a ni a, thing dang aiin a danglam a, a lo than chhoh zelnaah pawh a pianzia danglam tak a nei fo thin.
Mihring hriatrengna aiin a lo thang lian zel a, thingte chu bul tanna nei lovin sawi theih a ni.
An tlem deuh a, an chungchangah hian thuruk element an nei (rinhlelh rual lohvin thlarau teโn Banyan thingte chu an awmna hmun duh ber atana an thlan avanga thutlukna siam vang a ni tih rinhlelh rual a ni lo), chu chuan khaw thlarau (Strait) chenna atana duhthlanna pianpui a siam a ni 1933: 52-ah a tarlang bawk)
Khaw mipuiten an thilhlan leh tawngtaina an siam hmasakna hmun chu Tual an ti a.5 Thuthlung sawi danah chuan he hmun hi thlahthlam ngai lo tur a ni a, inthawina lung chu hlih ngai lo leh bungkung pawh hrual ngai lo – a hnah te ber pawh ni lo; an inzawm khawm chuan a tawpah chuan khawtlang leh inpekna chhinchhiahna an lo ni ta vek a ni.
An khua dintu a thih chuan thlan lung chu thing bulah an dah a.
Sakhaw lam atanga thlir chuan Tual hi hmun thianghlim, khawtlang inthawina chi hrang hrang leh
rites tih a ni.
Socio-political organizational lam atanga thlir chuan khawtlang pum huap member pakhat zel inzawmkhawmna culture center a ni.
Tin, a dintu leh khawtlang, pi leh pute leh thlah nungte inzawmna chanchin (historical link) a entir bawk.
Inthawina inkhawmah pawh mi nung leh mitthi (pi leh pu) inhmuhkhawmna hmun a ni bawk.
Sing Kho Khai chuan tual chu Chin khawtlang inrelbawlna hmunpui a nih thu a sawi nghet a, Chin khawtlang chu Tual lam hawi khawtlang, a nih loh leh โTual khawtlangโ tiin a sawi (1984: 205).
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A chunga kan sawi tawh ang khan thlarau lam thil chi hrang hrang (leh prefix) tlangpui chu Khua a ni. Thlarau sual chu Khua-chia an ti a.
Chin sakhaw hlui zirtirna chuan Khua-chia chi hrang hrang tawp nei lo a awm tih a vawng tlat a, Khua-chia tumahin malsawmna pe thei an awm lo.
Chu ai chuan, mi zawng zawng chu thil sual titu, chhiatna, accident, natna leh thihna thlentu nia ngaih an ni.
Khua-chia category-ah hian โhmun thlarau tam tak, a bik takin lung lian tak tak, tuikhuah, leh topographical feature langsar dangteโ pawh a tel a ni. Anni pawh hian natna an thlen a, mahse hmun an neih avangin chiang taka hriat theih an niโ (Lehman 1963: 175).
Thlarau pakhat Khua-chiaโn a man emaw, a man emawโ tih hian Chin sakhaw hluiah natna chungchanga ngaihdan bulpui chu a khaikhawm a ni (cf. Parry 1932: 325).
Thihna concept hi โindonaa thi angin a thi emaw, Khua-chia-in a that emawโ (Vaipum 1980: iv) tiin a siam theih bawk.
Chuvangin Khua-chia hlauhna hi hnam dan sakhaw nunah thil pawimawh ber pakhat a ni. Dik tak chuan, Chin hnam nunphung chu khawi lam hawi zawnga boruak ang maia kal, sawi lawk theih loh Khua-chia-te lam atanga mawhphurhna nei lo thiltih hlauhnain a tuam a ni.
Khua-chia chi hlauhawm ber, โnatna thlentu ber nia rin chu rai an ti (Lehman 1963: 175).
Rai hi thlarau che thei tak a ni a, hmun leh hmun bik nen pawh hriat theih a ni lo. Chutiang chuan, natna nena inzawm inthawina inkhawm chi hrang hrang chu a tlangpuiin category hrang hrangah an dah a, rai-thawi tia hriat a ni a, chu chu thlarau che tihrehawm tihna a ni.
Natna enkawlna kawng awmchhun chu, Chin sakhaw hlui ang chuan, thlarau tantirtu Khua-chia tihrehawm hi a ni (cf. Parry 1932: 133; Sing Kho Khai 1984: 184).
Natna a lo awm veleh Khua-chia hnenah inthawina hlan a ngai ta a ni.
Khua-chia hrang hrangte chuan inthawina hrang hrang an phut a.
Mithan- demanding Khua-chia chu vawk emaw, vawk mamawh Khua-chia chu vawk nen emaw inremna siam tum chu a tangkai lo.
Mi pakhat a damloh chuan sava no, inthawina ran te ber a hlan a.
A dam leh chuan Khua-chia chu a lungawi a, natna chu a hnukkir tawh tihna a ni a, mahse a dam lo a nih chuan a tisual tihna a ni; inthawi tur sava ni lovin, vawk a ni mai thei.
Vawk a hlan hnu pawha a la damlo a nih chuan inthawina ran zinga lian ber mithan chu hlan a tum mai thei.
Natna a la chhunzawm zel chhung chuan a thil neih zawng zawng chu a hlan chhunzawm zel ang (cf. Carey and Tuck 1976: 197).
โถ๏ธ๐ Next pt2
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